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at equal or even higher levels than their peers. Business practices also evolve, creating

environments that are more accessible and beneficial to everyone, not just those with
disabilities. Accommodations—such as physical modifications—lead to broader improvements
in workspaces and services. A diverse workforce that includes people with disabilities often

results in better customer service for disabled clients and fosters a culture of dedication and

innovation. Truly inclusive employment must meet several key conditions. Jobs should align
with the individual's skills and interests. Support must also extend to family members who
care for individuals with disabilities. Employers need access to appropriate tools to foster

inclusive workplaces and eliminate discrimination in all work-related activities.
The European Union introduced Directive 2000/78/EC to address discrimination, requiring all

Member States to implement laws that protect people with disabilities in employment and
professional training. This includes the obligation to provide reasonable accommodations and

ensure individuals can access, participate in, and progress within the workplace on equal
terms. According to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, companies

should commit to respecting individual differences and making the necessary adjustments to
ensure equal contributions from all employees. They must also ensure fair treatment in all

employment matters, including equal pay and safe working conditions, protect labour rights,
and provide access to vocational guidance.

6. Autism Spectrum

6.a. ASD definition: ASD is “a complex developmental condition involving persistent
challenges with social communication, restricted interests and repetitive behaviour” (American

Psychiatric Association, 2013). Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a diverse group of
conditions. They are characterised by some degree of difficulty with social interaction and

communication. Other characteristics are atypical patterns of activities and behaviours, such
as difficulty with transition from one activity to another, a focus on details and unusual

reactions to sensations. (World Health Organization, 2023).

6.b. Main features: Autistic people show a wide range of abilities and support needs:

some live independently, while others need lifelong care. Autism can limit educational and job
opportunities and place heavy demands on families, so social attitudes and formal services
strongly shape the quality of life. Although signs may appear in early childhood, diagnosis is

often delayed, and many autistic individuals experience additional conditions—such as

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Project Number 2023-1-IT01-KA220-VET-000152721